Cinnamon – does it help combat diabetes?

Cinnamon has been around for a very long time and is one of the oldest spices known from ancient times. It was recognized for its apparent medicinal properties by peoples of ancient Egypt, China and other Asian communities.

This article discusses some differing opinions on the use of cinnamon.

Positive Comments from The American Diabetes Association

In The American Diabetes Association’s booklet 101 Tips on Nutrition for People with Diabetes, published in 2006, some positive comments are made about the dietary inclusion of a small daily amount of cinnamon that, in a clinical research study, showed a lowering of fasting blood glucose levels after 40 days of use.

The amount used each day for 40 days was equivalent to about a half teaspoonful in the form of a ground up powder of Cassia Cinnamon. The study also showed similar lowering effects on total cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoprotein), and triglycerides. And the lowering effects continued even when the cinnamon was stopped for the following 20 days, leading to the conclusion that cinnamon may have long-lasting benefits.

The positive write-up in the ADA booklet is based on research published in the journal Diabetes Care in 2003.

And some less positive from other sources

However, two subsequent studies, one in 2006 and another one in 2008, were not able to achieve the same results. Also, in 2008, appearing in the journal Diabetes Care, a further study was published of a meta-analysis of cinnamon, a meta-analysis is an analysis of a compilation of all the published data from controlled human studies involving cinnamon. The conclusion of this study was that cinnamon was not shown to have a beneficial affect for either type 1 or type 2 patients.

In a December 2008 report, published by Diabetes Health, which made reference to and summarized the above-mentioned cinnamon studies the conclusion was that cinnamon should not be recommended for use at this time, but should be avoided until more data is available and safety concerns have been addressed.

Apparently, no opinion has been offered for the contradictory study outcomes but the thought occurs to me to ask whether the same type of cinnamon was used in the later studies as was used in the 2003 study that so emphatically announced positive conclusions. There are four species of cinnamon that have differing botanical constituents with perhaps different properties, referred to in part below.

Cassia, used in the first above-mentioned study of 2003, is native to Myanamar (formerly Burma) and is produced mainly in China, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Although of the same plant family, it is different from the so-called true cinnamon that grows in Sri Lanka, southern India, Madagascar, Brazil, and the Caribbean.

For instance, cassia differs in having about a ten times higher content of a compound, called coumarin, than does true cinnamon which has only an insignificant amount. Coumarin, is mildly toxic and if ingested in high concentrations, can cause liver and kidney damage and inflammation, and even relatively small amounts of coumarin can damage, at least temporarily, the livers of individuals who are extra sensitive.

What constitutes a high concentration of coumarin is not precisely defined but The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment has established a Tolerable Daily Intake of 0.1 mg of coumarin per kg body weight, and also advises that, if this level is exceeded for a short time only, there is no threat to health. For example, a person weighing 135 lbs or about 61 kg would have a Tolerable Daily Intake of approximately 6.1 mg of coumarin.

Coumarin, which can also be found in several other plants, has blood-thinning properties and is used medically to reduce the blood’s ability to clot so that property should be taken into consideration if a person is already using anticoagulants. Federal authorities in Germany have called for cinnamon dietary supplements, that in their country carry health claims to reduce blood sugar and help control type-2 diabetes, to be classed as ‘medicinal products’, and should be regulated as such.

More opinions that claim beneficial effects of cinnamon

The findings of a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 2007, provides more indications that active compounds in cinnamon may improve glucose levels of people with diabetes.

According to the lead author of the study, Joanna Hlebowicz from Malmo University Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden, who states that “Inclusion of cinnamon in the diet lowers the postprandial glucose response, a change that is at least partially explained by a delayed gastric emptying rate.”

The researchers measured the rate of stomach emptying (gastric emptying rate) in 14 healthy subjects with normal fasting blood glucose levels after consuming either 300 grams of rice pudding or 300 grams of rice pudding plus 6 grams of cinnamon.

The Swedish researchers report that addition of cinnamon to the rice pudding reduced gastric emptying from 37 to 34.5 per cent, and also delayed the rise in blood glucose levels after eating. No effect of cinnamon was found on the state of being satiated.

Also in a study with rats:

A placebo-controlled, double-blind study published in 2006 in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, reported that cinnamon and a cinnamon extract called Cinnulin PF, could reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Maybe readers to this post have tried cinnamon or are now using it, if so, it would be nice to have their input and hear what they think.

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Note about Cassia:

The presence of this moderately toxic component has prompted European health agencies to issue a warning against consuming large amounts of cassia. The amount considered high is not specified but according to the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment in Germany, 2 milligrams of coumarin per kilogram of food is considered a safe amount to consume.

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About Flax, Salba, Hemp, Fenugreek, other seeds and more

People like me who have diabetes, and there are more being diagnosed daily at an increasing rate, quickly learn the major actions we must take to get our blood glucose levels under control, usually involving dietary changes and exercise, possibly including medications or insulin. It’s a full time process needing frequent monitoring, especially if glucose levels in the bloodstream are difficult to control.

Long time eating habits often require adjustment to a more appropriate diet by eliminating foods from our diabetic food list that are harmful and adding those that are beneficial.

Beyond the regular everyday dietary food list that provides our daily nutrition, there are a number of foods and vitamin supplements that might be considered as worth adding to the foods list because they are thought to have properties that can help in the efforts to control elevated glucose levels.

Most of those foods are almost without fat or salt, they are often plant based, unprocessed, fresh, and preferably grown without pesticides, although that is a different topic. Many plant foods are a good source of fiber. The American Diabetes Association recommends 20 to 35 grams of fiber daily for all adults and it’s unlikely that most of us are getting the maximum. Although fiber is a carbohydrate, it does not raise our blood glucose level and it is reported that up to 50 grams of fiber daily can improve glucose control for those people with type-2 diabetes.

So the comments on the individual foods listed on this site are to bring them to your attention, it cannot harm to learn of them and the properties claimed for them. Perhaps there are some, not currently part of your diet, you may wish to add to your diabetic food list. For myself, I do regularly include some of them, certainly flaxseed at two tablespoonfuls most days and cinnamon in the amount of half a teaspoon, both  merged into my breakfast cereal. I have no way of being certain that it helps, but I usually adopt the attitude that they may be worth a try if they don’t taste unpleasant.

Chosen at random, the list of food items following, contributed as stand alone items by my correspondent HR., will introduce you to many that are cited in the diabetes literature as being beneficial in the control of blood glucose levels. You may wish to discuss them with your doctor or dietitian.

Whatever your methods to keep track of appropriate foods to meet your own tastes, an occasionally updated list of suitable diabetes food items can serve as a reminder once in a while.

You can find more general information on this link regarding Food Lists and related topics.

Some of the most frequently cited items that might help are:
Flax Seeds, Salba, Hemp Seeds, Fenugreek, Chia, Mulberry leaf etc., and there are several others.

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About Diabetes, for those recently diagnosed as diabetic

First the diagnosis

From my own experience of being a diabetic for many years, and having faced the several situations and questions that confront you now, and those that will occur in the future, I offer here a few comments and observations that will, I hope, provide some general guidance for you in these early times. And there is abundant information available on the internet when you know where to look.

After first hearing the diagnosis “You are a diabetic” it comes as quite a shock, however gently conveyed. When you learn from your doctor that you have diabetes, most often type-2 diabetes, it is unlikely you will know much about the disease. The diagnosis will probably come after a blood test and a follow up visit to your doctor and being then told of the situation. You may be pre-diabetic, a condition in which the glucose levels in your blood are rather high but not yet into the diabetic range.  Or your condition may be confirmed as diabetes, which means that the levels of glucose in your bloodstream do exceed the level considered as acceptable. As is explained elsewhere, the glucose in the blood is a normal situation and the result of the food you have recently consumed.

Your physician will explain the facts of diabetes and give advice on the subject, and tell you what you have to do and the life style changes you may have to make to manage your newly identified disease condition. These might include such things as diet, exercise, and possibly medications that will be prescribed if eventually your actions are unable to control your blood sugar levels and your diabetes worsens over the course of time, as is often the case with diabetic patients, perhaps a short time later or in some cases after several years.

There may be referrals to dietitians to help establish an appropriate dietary routine that incorporates your own personal food and life-style tastes and is tailored to your current health and physical condition(s). There are other health care professional who will advise and help you navigate your path through the complications of diabetes if they occur, but that will probably be later if the condition deteriorates.

The early reaction to learning of your diabetic condition
But after that early meeting you will probably leave the doctor’s office with many thoughts, questions and uncertainties still whirling around in your head. In the ensuing days there may be the desire to learn more about the disease, the causes, the treatments, the cures. Actually there is no cure right now according to mainstream medical practitioners, although reference will be made here to that group of qualified, respected and quite well known physicians who disagree and provide their solution in reversing diabetes.

You soon learn that much of the day-to-day control and management of the diabetic condition is in your own hands. It is left to you to find out about many aspects of the disease, you may wonder about the role of insulin and glucose and blood testing and alternative dietary approaches, what foods and beverages, including alcohol are acceptable and when to consume them while always attempting to stay as low on the scale of being diabetic as possible.

For much more on diabetes, check out the List of  Topics on our companion website at Normal Blood Sugar Levels and Diabetes.

And additional diabetes related material can be found at Diabetic Menu Guide

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